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Applied Physics and Mathematics

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Uranium project in Nazi Germany
Е.S. Ratner

The discovery of German physicists О. Hahn and Fritz Strassman
of fission of nucleus of uranium-235 by a free neutron, accompanied
by emission of huge energy, gave impetus to the study
of the military use of nuclear explosives in Germany, England,
France, the USA, Japan and the USSR. It was cleared that this effect
needs inhibitors having a large cross-section of scattering
and the minimum cross-section of neutron capture. In principle,
as such can be used carbon and deuterium (heavy water). German
physicists began to construct uranium-heavy water reactors
because they committed an experimental error, evaluating as too
large cross-section of neutron capture because of tests with insufficiently
purified graphite. The United States and the USSR avoided
such an error, they began to construct less complicated and
more convenient uranium-graphite reactor. Until the end of the
war, the Germans did not have time to create a working nuclear
reactor, although they approached very close to this purpose. Still
they stayed too far from creation real atomic bomb. The main reason
was absolutely insufficient financing of the nuclear-physical
works from the government, as Hitler announced in 1941–1942,
that he will break his enemies before anyone succeed to construct
nuclear weapons. Fortunately, he was grossly mistaken, whereas
the United States, who invested huge funds for the creation of the
nuclear industry have managed to build a nuclear bomb, ahead
of Germany and Japan.
Key words: German atomic bomb, uranium-heavy water reactor,
Werner Heisenberg, Kurt Dibner.

Contacts: Email: pfim@mail.ru

Pp. 65-75.

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