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Applied Physics and Mathematics

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On the uranium project of japan in 1940
Gorobets B.S.

The history of Japanese atomic project carried out during the
Second World War is unknown to almost all the Russian scientific
community, including nuclear physicists. This report presents
generalization of different foreign and Russian publications
on the problem. The quintessence of it is as follows. The leading
Japan physicists were Т. Hagivara, I. Nisina, R. Sagane, Ts. Asada,
B. Arakatsu, М. Киkuchi, who knew well of the key achievements
of nuclear physics abroad. They knew that, in principle, it was
possible to make atomic bomb with the charge of uranium-235.
In spring of 1940, Sagane was charged by general T. Yasuda to
make the basic review of nuclear problem. In autumn, Sagane
rendered an account with his conclusion that it was, in principle,
possible to make atomic bomb in Japan. In the end of 1942, Nisina
began to work out «Ni-Project» in the Institute of Physical and
Chemical researches (RIKEN), in Tokio. In may 1943 Nisina gave
an account in which he affirmed that making an atomic bomb
would require 1 kg of uranium-235. this one being equivalent of
18 thousand t. TNT. The main problem was to manage to separate
uranium isotopes-235 and 238. A few months before the end of
the war, the Navy commandment charged B. Arakatsu to head
so-called «F-Project». These researches were carried out in Kioto
University. But the scales of both projects were scanty, compared
to the giant goal. Not more than 15 specialists were engaged in
«Ni-Project», and even less than that in «F-project». Nevertheless,
the RIKEN group managed to mine 150 t of uranium ore in
Japan, Korea and Malaya and then to extract out of it as much
as 300 kg U3O8. It corresponded to 1,8 kg of uranium-235. The
Japanese tried to build a centrifuge machine in order to separate
isotopes-235 and 238 in form of uranium hexafluoride gas. But
they failed. The summary financing of Ni-project by the Army was
2 mln yen, and financing of F-project by the Navy was 0.6 mln
yen. It was equivalent of 650 thousand dollars, i.e. 3 thousand
times less than costs of Manhatten project (USA and England).
In that way, Japan had no time and no adequate resources to
build atomic industry and atomic bomb. After the atomic bombardment
of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 6 and 9 of Аugust 1945, Japan
was informed that the third atomic bomb would be thrown
down, possibly upon Tokio, if the Empire not surrender. The capitulation
of Japan was declared 2 September 1945.
Кey words: Japanese аtomic project, Japanese uranium ores, uranium-
235, Iosio Nisina, Bunsaku Arakatsu, capitulation of Japan.

Contacts: Email: bgorobets@rambler.ru

Pp. 99-105.

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